Define CPSES. Also provide its focus and scope.

Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) are defined as those companies in which the direct holding of the Central Government or other CPSEs is 51% or more. CPSEs are classified into three main categories based on their performance and various parameters: Miniratna Navratna Maharatna These categories provide varying degrees of financial autonomy and operational flexibility to the enterprises. These enterprises operate in various sectors of the Indian economy, including manufacturing, mining, power generation, telecommunications, and financial services. CPSEs play a significant role in the country's economic development and are instrumental in achieving the government's social and strategic objectives. CPSEs play a critical role in the Indian economy by: Generating employment Contributing to GDP Developing infrastructure Ensuring the supply of essential goods and services Supporting strategic sectors such as defense, energy, and minerals CPSEs have made significant contributions to the Indian economy. In the financial year 2020-21, there were 256 operating CPSEs, with a total turnover of ₹ 24.61 lakh crore and a net profit of ₹ 93,294 crore. CPSEs also provide substantial employment opportunities, with a total workforce of around 14.04 lakh employees as of March 2021. CPSEs have been instrumental in developing critical infrastructure, such as power plants, steel mills, and telecommunication networks. They have also played a crucial role in achieving the government's social objectives, such as providing affordable housing, healthcare, and education. The main focus of CSR and Sustainability policy of CPSEs has been inclusive growth, development of backward regions, upliftment of the marginalised and underprivileged and weaker sections, empowerment of women, environment sustainability, promotion of green and energy efficient technologies and sustainability development in all its aspects. Scope: To address the basic needs of the deprived, under privileged, neglected and weaker sections of the society which comprise of SC, ST, OBCs, minorities, BPL families, old and aged, women / girl child, physically challenged, etc. Central Public Sector Enterprises have contributed to industrial growth, infrastructure development, and social welfare. While facing challenges in the evolving business landscape, CPSEs continue to adapt and reform to remain competitive and relevant. The government's ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency and profitability of CPSEs will be crucial in ensuring their sustainable growth and contribution to the Indian economy.