What is meant by Social Impact Assessment and Social Impact Indicators ? Provide supportive examples to explain.

Social Impact Assessment: As per International Institute of Sustainable Development, "A Social Impact Assessment is a process of research, planning and the management of social change or consequences (positive and negative, intended and unintended) arising from policies, plans, developments and projects". In other words, Social Impact refers to net effect of the proposed project on stakeholders. This may include impact on community as whole or on individuals or upon a single family or set of families, organisations, or industries as a whole. The detailed assessment of such impact upon lives of community or individual would help the originator of CSR projects to plan and execute such projects more properly. Examples of Social Impact include: People's way of life - that is, how they live, work, play and interact with one another on a day-to-day basis. Their culture - that is, their shared beliefs, customs, values and language or dialect. Their community - its cohesion, stability, character, services, and facilities. Their political systems - the extent to which people can participate in decisions that affect their lives, the level of democratization that is taking place, and the resources provided for this purpose. Their health and well-being - health is a state of complete physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. If the planned project impacts the availability of ventilator beds in a rural hospital, then the social impact assessment study should extract the number of ventilator beds per 1000 population in the area. Social Impact Indicators: The best way to define organisation's social impact indicators is to refer back to its social model's theory of change and theory of action. These elements of organisation's social model should outline the key activities and interventions that it might wish to measure and the corresponding outcome it aiming to achieve. The purpose of organisation's social impact indicators is to measure output and outcomes achieved by the organisation, creating clear evidence based on its social model. Examples of Indicators: Female Workforce Participation Indicator: Proportion of women in whole workforce in the community aged between 18-64 Cost of Living Indicator: Consumer Price Index for the community Occupational Structure Indicator: Proportion of total labour force in the community holding professional, executive, managerial, official, or technical jobs. Voter Registration Indicator: Proportion of population age 18 and older who are currently registered voters in the community.