Discuss the stages of e-governance evolution in India.

E-Governance is intrinsically linked with the development of computer technology and networking capabilities of computers and communication systems. In India, this could be seen as the following stages: Computerisation: The concept of e-Governance has its origins in India during the seventies with a focus on development of in-house government applications in the areas of defense, economic monitoring, planning and the deployment of IT to manage data intensive functions related to elections, census, tax administration etc. Networking: Computerisation was followed by the efforts of National Informatics Center (NIC) to connect all the district headquarters during the eighties. Online Presence: From the early nineties, IT technologies were supplemented by Information and Communication Technologies to extend its use for wider applications with policy emphasis on reaching out to the rural areas and taking in greater inputs from NGO's and private sector as well. Global shifts towards increased deployment of IT by governments emerged in the nineties, with the advent of the World Wide Web. On-Line interactivity: With the increase in internet and mobile connections, the citizens are learning to exploit these new modes of access in wide ranging ways thus creating abundant evidences that the 'new 'e-citizenship' is taking hold. There has been increasing involvement of international agencies under the framework of e-governance for development to catalyze the development of e-governance laws and technologies in developing countries.