Write short notes on the following: (a) Social Accountability International Standard.

The 'SA8000 Standard' is the leading social certification standard for factories and organizations across the globe. It was established by Social Accountability International in 1997 as a multi-stakeholder initiative. Over the years, the Standard has evolved into an overall framework that helps certified organizations demonstrate their dedication to the fair treatment of workers across industries and in any country. This is one of the world's first auditable social certification standard. It is based on ILO, UN and national law conventions, and adopts a management system approach in order to ensure that companies that adopt this approach also comply with it. This standard ensures the protection of basic human rights of workers. The nine basic elements of this standard include (i) child labour (ii) forced and compulsory labour (iii) health and safety (iv) freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining (v) discrimination (vi) disciplinary practices (vii) working hours (viii) remuneration (ix) management systems. According to SAAS, there are 695 facilities in India that have been accredited with this standard. Out of these, Aditya Birla Chemicals (India) Limited, Bhilai Steel Plant Steel Authority of India Limited, Birla tyres, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited and Reliance Infrastructure Limited figure prominently in the list of certified facilities within India.