Write short notes on the following : (i) Two-way fungibility of global depository receipts

Two-way Fungibility of Global Depository Receipts A limited two-way fungibility has been put in place by the Government of India for ADRs/GDRs. Under this scheme, a stock broker in India, registered with SEBI, can purchase shares of an Indian company from the market for conversion into ADRs/ GDRs based on instructions received from overseas investors. Re- issuance of ADRs/GDRs would be permitted to the extent of ADRs/GDRs which have been redeemed into underlying shares and sold in the Indian market. The scheme, thus, provides for purchase or re-conversion of only as many shares into ADRs/GDRs which are equal to or less than the number of shares emerging on surrender of ADRs/GDRs which have been actually sold in the market.