Explain the basic e-Governance models along with any two (02) types of services or information provided by each of these e-Governance models.

E-Governance itself is governed by the needs and demands of citizens, businesses, government and employees. These four models of e-Governance are as under: Government to Citizens (G2C) Government to Government (G2G) Government to Employees (G2E) Government to Business or Business to Government (G2B or B2G) Government to Citizen (G2C) This model of e-Governance refers to those activities in which the government provides one- step, on-line access of information and services to citizens. G2C applications enable citizens to ask questions of government agencies and receive answers such as file income taxes (federal, state and local), pay taxes (income, real estate), renew driver licenses etc. It gives citizens the choice of when to interact with the government (e.g. 24 hours a day, 7 days a week), from where to interact with the government (e.g. service centre or from one's home / work place) and how to interact with the government (e.g. through internet, fax, telephone, e-mail etc.) Type of services which are provided by this model include: Payment of online bills such as electricity, water, telephone bills etc. Online registration of applications. Copies of land-record. Online filling of complaints. Availability of any kind of online information. Government To Government (G2G) This model refers to the services which are shared between the governments. There is lots of information that need to be shared between various government agencies, department and organizations. Many of these activities are aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of overall government operations. These types of services or information are as under: Sharing of information between police department of various states. Government document exchange which includes preparation, approval, distribution, and storage of all governmental documents is also done through e-governance. Most of the finance and budget work are also done through e-governance. Government to Employees (G2E): This model increases the transparency between government and its employees. Here, employees can keep a check on the functioning and working of government and government can keep on its employees. Information that can be shared by this model: All kind of data submission (attendance record, employee record etc.) from various government offices is done by this model. Employee can file all kinds of complaints and dissatisfaction by this model. All kinds of rule- regulation and information for employees can be shared by this. Employees can check their payment and working record. Employees can register all kinds of working forms online. Government to Business or Business to Government (G2B OR B2G): In G2B, the government deals with businesses such as suppliers using the internet and other ICTs. It includes two-way interactions and transactions government to business and business to government. B2G refers to the business selling products and services to government. The B2G initiatives can be transactional such as in licensing, permits, procurement and revenue collection. The objective is to cut red tape, save time, reduce operational costs and to create a more transparent business environment when dealing with the government. They share information through this model like: Collection of taxes. Rejection and approval of patent is also done by this model. Payment of all kinds of bills and penalty. Sharing of all kinds of information, rules and data. Complaints or any kind of dissatisfaction can be shown by this.