'For a successful implementation of an effective Credit Risk Management System, in banks, a sound organizational structure is a pre-requisite'. In this regard, briefly explain the recent RBI guidelines to Banks on appoin

As part of Risk Management, banks are required, inter-alia, to have a system of separation of credit risk management function from the credit sanctioning process. As banks follow diverse practices in this regard, to bring uniformity in approach followed by banks and to align the risk management system with the best practices, banks are advised as under: Each bank to lay down a Board-approved policy clearly defining the role and responsibilities of the Chief Risk Officer (CRO). Appointment of the CRO shall be for a fixed tenure with the approval of the Board of Directors. The CRO may be transferred/removed from his post before completion of the tenure only with the approval of the Board and such premature transfer/removal shall be reported to the Department of Banking Supervision, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Mumbai. In case of listed banks, any change in incumbency of CRO shall be reported to the stock exchanges also. CRO should be a senior official in the banks' hierarchy and shall have the necessary and adequate professional qualification / experience in the areas of risk management. The CRO shall have direct reporting lines to the Managing Director (MD) & CEO/ Risk Management Committee (RMC) of the Board. If the CRO reports to the MD & Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the RMC shall meet the CRO on one-to-one basis, without the presence of the MD & CEO, at least every quarter. The CRO not to have any reporting relationship with the business verticals of the bank and not be given any business targets. In case the CRO is associated with the credit sanction process, it has to be clearly spelt out whether the CRO's role would be that of an adviser or a decision maker. The policy to include the necessary safeguards to ensure the independence of the CRO. In banks that follow committee approach in credit sanction process for high value proposals, if the CRO is one of the decision makers in the credit sanction process, he shall have voting power and all members who are part of the credit sanction process, shall individually and severally be liable for all the aspects, including risk perspective related to the credit proposal. If the CRO is not a part of the credit sanction process, his role will be limited to that of an adviser. In banks which do not follow committee approach for sanction of high value credits, the CRO can only be an adviser in the sanction process and with no sanctioning power. The CRO in his role as an adviser shall be an invitee to the credit sanction / approval committee without any voting rights in the proceedings of the committee. There shall not be any 'dual hatting' i.e. the CRO shall not be given the responsibility of Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief of the internal audit function or any other function.