Examine how far the essentials of federal polity is incorporated in Indian Constitution.

The essential features of a Federal Polity or System are dual Government, distribution of powers, supremacy of the Constitution, independence of Judiciary, written Constitution, and a rigid procedure for the amendment of the Constitution. The political system introduced by our Constitution contain all the above essentials of a federal polity such as: In India, there are Governments at different levels, like Union and States. Powers to make laws have been suitably distributed among them by way of various lists as per the Seventh Schedule. Both Union and States have to follow the Constitutional provisions when they make laws. The Judiciary is independent with regard to judicial matters and judiciary can test the validity of independently. The Supreme Court decides the disputes between the Union and the States, or the States inter se. The Constitution is supreme and if it is to be amended, it is possible only by following the procedure provided in Article 368 of the Constitution itself. From the above, it is clear that the Indian Constitution basically has federal features.