XYZ Ltd., a multinational conglomerate operating across various sectors, faces a critical decision regarding a strategic partnership proposal with a promising tech start-up. With 12 directors on the board, the urgency of

XYZ Ltd., a multinational conglomerate operating across various sectors, faces a critical decision regarding a strategic partnership proposal with a promising tech start-up. With 12 directors on the board, the urgency of the matter, coupled with the diverse locations of its board members, poses a challenge in convening an in-person meeting. Consequently, the company seeks an alternative method to pass the resolution. W acted as a director on the Board of Directors of XYZ Ltd. between 2016 and 2018. He is also a shareholder in the said company, owning approximately 25.66% equity shares, and drew a salary of ₹ 2.50 lakh per month. The Commissioner of Central Goods and Service Taxes, based on the information received indicating that XYZ Ltd. was availing Input Tax Credit (ITC) against fake/ineligible invoices, commenced an investigation under section 67 of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, against XYZ Ltd. W, as per the commissioner's statement, admitted to the fact that he had acted as a director of the company between 2016 and 2018, and since then, he has been working in the company in the capacity of a mentor/advisor. Furthermore, W also stated to the CGST Department that, in his capacity as the mentor/advisor to the company, he received ₹ 30 Lakh in the concerned FY i.e., 2019-2020, from the company. According to W, this money was given as he had been providing "strategic guidance" to the Company. The bank accounts of W have also been attached to the CGST Department. XYZ Ltd. enters into a contract with B, a logistics provides, to deliver a shipment of newly manufactured electronic gadgets to various retail stores across the country. The contract specifies a delivery deadline crucial for the upcoming Deepawali season sales. However, due to B's negligence, the delivery is delayed by two weeks, causing significant financial losses to XYZ Ltd. As a result of the delay, XYZ Ltd. misses the peak sales window, leading to decreased revenue and tarnished brand reputation. The company is contemplating seeking legal remedy for the loss caused. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of India has announced a significant infrastructure project for the construction of Megha Highway. This highway project aims to connect various cities and towns, boosting transportation and economic development in the region. To execute this project, the ministry has initiated a tendering process inviting bids from qualified construction firms. XYZ Ltd., which is also engaged in construction activity, is contemplating participating in the tendering process for construction of the Megha Highway. As a major player in the construction industry, XYZ Ltd. sees this project as lucrative opportunity to showcase its expertise, expand its portfolio, and contribute to the nation's infrastructure development. XYZ Ltd. wants to enter into e-contracts across the country for the sale of their various products. The company's counsel is considering the fact that conventional contract law may not be sufficient to address all the issues arising in electronic contracts. The Information Technology Act (IT Act) addresses some of the peculiar issues arises in the formation and authentication of electronic contracts. The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, deals with the presumption as to e-records, providing electronic records as evidence in disputed matters (Sections: 85A, 85B, 88A, 85C). Based on the facts of above case study, answer following questions : What prohibitions must specifically be included in e-contracts ? Furthermore, how shall the limitation of liability of XYZ Ltd. be addressed under e-contracts ?