A reckless waste of firm's assets by speculating on the stock market and incompetence/ negligence in managing business of Swastik Ltd., apart from omission, or perversion of truth and failure to file information and repo

CS Professional · Internal and Forensic Audit · PYQS · June 2026
A reckless waste of firm's assets by speculating on the stock market and incompetence/ negligence in managing business of Swastik Ltd., apart from omission, or perversion of truth and failure to file information and report were noticed. The management of Swastik Ltd. was in a dilemma whether to treat this as fraud or non-compliance. You are required to provide a note to the management of Swastik Ltd. as a practising Company Secretary regarding how to differentiate between Fraud and Non-Compliance.

Answer & Explanation:

Fraud is always intentional; however, non-compliance may be intentional or unintentional. The term fraud can be defined as act or course of deception, an intentional concealment, omission, or perversion of truth, to- gain unlawful or unfair advantage; induce another to part with some valuable item or surrender a legal right; or inflict injury in some manner. Willful fraud is a criminal offense which calls for severe penalties, and its prosecution and punishment. However, incompetence or negligence in managing a business or even a reckless waste of firm's assets (for example, by speculating on the stock market) does not normally constitute fraud. Non-Compliance: The term non-compliance refers to failure to comply with the laws, rules, regulations standards, policies, contractual obligations, or internal procedures. The term non-compliance is commonly used in regard to a failure to meet the compliance requirements or failure to do compliance, be it the failure in following procedures, filing of information, eligibility conditions, reporting etc. The relationship between Fraud and non-compliance can be constructed as the non-compliance in the company may lead to a fraud, however it may also be noted that the fraud can also be made in the compliant company.

Topics: Forensic Audit

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